Changes in Cuticle Components and Morphology of ‘Satsuma’ Mandarin (Citrus unshiu) during Ambient Storage and Their Potential Role on Penicillium digitatum Infection

Abstract

To elucidate the role of fruit cuticle in fungal infection, changes in cuticle composition and morphology of ‘Satsuma’ mandarin during ambient (at 25 °C) storage and their role in Penicillium digitatum infection were investigated. Results showed that the epicuticular wax yield increased from 1.11 μg cm−2 to 4.21 μg cm−2 during storage for 20 days and then decreased to 1.35 μg cm−2 as storage time prolonged to 40 days. Intracuticular wax content of fruits stored for 20 days showed a peak value that was 1.7-fold higher than that of fruits stored for 40 days. The contents of cutin monomers of fruits showed a decreased trend during storage, while their proportions in the cutin stayed stable. Acids were identified as the most abundant components in epicuticular wax independently of the storage time, followed by alkanes and terpenoids. Terpenoids were found as the predominant components in intracuticular wax during the whole storage, followed by alkanes and acids. The flattened platelets crystals of fruits at harvest changed into small granule-like wax ones after 10 days of storage then gradually distributed across the surface of the fruits as stored for 40 days. Results of in vitro tests showed that mycelial growth of Penicillium digitatum could be promoted by epicuticular wax and conidial germination could be inhibited by cutin at different storage stages. These results shed new light on the chemical basis for cuticle involvement in fungal infection.