Evaluation of Cellular Responses of Heterotrophic Escherichia coli Cultured with Autotrophic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a Nutrient Source by Analyses Based on Microbiology and Transcriptome

Abstract

Heterotrophic microorganism Escherichia coli LS5218 was cultured with flesh green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii C-9: NIES-2235 as a nutrient supplier. In order to evaluate the cell response of Escherichia coli with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Escherichia coli was evaluated with microbial methods and comprehensive gene transcriptional analyses. Escherichia coli with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii showed a specific growth rate (µmax) of 1.04 ± 0.27, which was similar to that for cells growing in Luria–Bertani medium (µmax = 1.20 ± 0.40 h−1). Furthermore, comparing the cellular responses of Escherichia coli in a green-algae-containing medium with those in the Luria–Bertani medium, transcriptomic analysis showed that Escherichia coli upregulated gene transcription levels related to glycolysis, 5-phospho-d-ribosyl-1-diphosphate, and lipid synthesis; on the other hand, it decreased the levels related to lipid degradation. In particular, the transcription levels were increased by 103.7 times on pgm (p * < 0.05 (p = 0.015)) in glycolysis, and decreased by 0.247 times on fadE (p * < 0.05 (p = 0.041)) in lipolysis. These genes are unique and could regulate the direction of metabolism; these responses possibly indicate carbon source assimilation as a cellular response in Escherichia coli. This paper is the first report to clarify that Escherichia coli, a substance-producing strain, directly uses Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a nutrient supplier by evaluation of the cellular responses analyzed with microbial methods and transcriptome analysis.