Simultaneous Cryogenic Radical and Oxidative Coupling Polymerizations to Polyaniline/Polyacrylamide Conductive Cryogels for Gas Sensing

Abstract

The macro-porous structure of polymer cryogels provides an appropriate channel for the adsorption and transport of substances, endowing its application in the field of electrochemical sensing. The combination mode of a polymer matrix and electro-active substance, particularly the distribution of an electro-active substance in the matrix, has an important effect on the overall performance of the sensor. In this work, through the simultaneous oxidation coupling polymerization of aniline (ANI) and radical polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) under cryogenic condition, conductive composite cryogels were prepared, aiming for the uniform distribution of PANI in the PAAm matrix. The possibility of simultaneous polymerizations was symmetrically investigated, and the obtained PANI/PAAm cryogels were characterized. Due to the acid-doping of PANI, the electrical conductivity of PANI/PAAm cryogels could be modulated with acidic and basic gases. Thus, the performance of the gas sensor was studied by making conductive PANI/PAAm cryogel sheets as resistive sensor electrodes. We found that the content of PANI, the sheet thickness and the dry/wet state of the cryogel influenced the response sensitivity and rate as well as the recovery properties. The response duration for HCl and NH3 gas was shorter than 70 and 120 s, respectively. The cyclic detection of HCl gas and the alternate detection of NH3/HCl were achieved. This gas sensor with advantages, including simple preparation, low cost and high sensitivity, would have great potential for the application to monitor the leakage of acidic and basic gases.