Adaptability of Millets and Landscapes: Ancient Cultivation in North-Central Asia

Author:

Ventresca-Miller Alicia R.123ORCID,Wilkin Shevan34,Smithers Rachel5,Larson Kara12,Spengler Robert36,Haruda Ashleigh7,Kradin Nikolay89ORCID,Bazarov Bilikto8,Miyagashev Denis8,Odbaatar Tserendorj10,Turbat Tsagaan1112,Zhambaltarova Elena13ORCID,Konovalov Prokopii8,Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav3ORCID,Hein Anke7ORCID,Hommel Peter14,Nash Brendan12ORCID,Nayak Ayushi3,Vanwezer Nils3,Miller Bryan2315,Fernandes Ricardo3161718,Boivin Nicole31920,Roberts Patrick321

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

2. Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

3. Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany

4. Institute for Evolutionary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland

5. Department of Archaeology, University of York, King’s Manor, York YO10 5DD, UK

6. Anthropogenic Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany

7. School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK

8. Laboratory of Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia

9. Department of Early Medieval Archaeology, Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology, The Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia

10. National Museum of Mongolia, Juulchin Street-1, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia

11. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia

12. Archaeological Research Center of the National University of Mongolia, Baga Toiruu-44, Ulaanbaatar-46a, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia

13. Department of Museology and Heritage, Faculty of Social and Cultural Activities, Heritage, and Tourism, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, East Siberian State Institute of Culture, 670031 Ulan-Ude, Russia

14. Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, 12–14 Abercromby Sq, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK

15. History of Art Department, University of Michigan, 855 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

16. Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland

17. Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Arne Nováka 1, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic

18. Climate Change and History Research Initiative, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

19. School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

20. Griffith Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia

21. Smithsonian Institution, New York, NY 10128, USA

Abstract

Millet is a highly adaptable plant whose cultivation dramatically altered ancient economies in northern Asia. The adoption of millet is associated with increased subsistence reliability in semi-arid settings and perceived as a cultigen compatible with pastoralism. Here, we examine the pace of millet’s transmission and locales of adoption by compiling stable carbon isotope data from humans and fauna, then comparing them to environmental variables. The Bayesian modelling of isotope data allows for the assessment of changes in dietary intake over time and space. Our results suggest variability in the pace of adoption and intensification of millet production across northern Asia.

Funder

Max Planck Society

Russian Federation Ministry of Science and Higher Education

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Agronomy and Crop Science

Reference70 articles.

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2. Bleasdale, M., Wotzka, H.-P., Eichhorn, B., Mercader, J., Styring, A., Zech, J., Soto, M., Inwood, J., Clarke, S., and Marzo, S. (2020). Isotopic and microbotanical insights into Iron Age agricultural reliance in the Central African rainforest. Commun. Biol., 3.

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