Polyphenol Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Japonica Rice Cultivars and Intake Status

Abstract

Japonica rice is produced mainly in northeast China, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula. Polyphenols and flavonoids are the main antioxidants in japonica rice. This study reported the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of nine brown and white japonica rice cultivars. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of brown rice were in the ranges of 241.98–296.76 GAE mg/100 g, and 225.30–276.80 RE mg/100 g, respectively. These values were significantly higher than that of white rice by 118.98–206.06% and 135.0–217%, respectively. The bound fraction from phenolics and flavonoids contributed 41.1–63.6% and 62.22–78.19% of the total phenolic and flavonoid content in brown rice, respectively, while these ranges were 55.5–73.5% and 46.07–66.83% in white rice, respectively. p-Hydroxybenzonic acid was the predominant phenolic acid in japonica rice. All four antioxidant capacities of brown rice (DPPH, ABTS, OH, FRAP) were higher by up to 1.68–2.85 times than those of white rice. The PZ21 (Yanfeng 47) japonica rice variety has outstanding antioxidant capacity based on the weights of each antioxidant index. According to the differences of functional substances among varieties, it can provide guidance for consumers and theoretical basis for the production of healthy food.