Real-Time Target Detection System for Animals Based on Self-Attention Improvement and Feature Extraction Optimization

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a wildlife detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s by combining six real wildlife images of different sizes and forms as datasets. Firstly, we use the RepVGG model to simplify the network structure that integrates the ideas of VGG and ResNet. This RepVGG introduces a structural reparameterization approach to ensure model flexibility while reducing the computational effort. This not only enhances the ability of model feature extraction but also speeds up the model computation, further improving the model’s real-time performance. Secondly, we use the sliding window method of the Swin Transformer module to divide the feature map to speed up the convergence of the model and improve the real-time performance of the model. Then, it introduces the C3TR module to segment the feature map, expand the perceptual field of the feature map, solve the problem of backpropagation gradient disappearance and gradient explosion, and enhance the feature extraction and feature fusion ability of the model. Finally, the model is improved by using SimOTA, a positive and negative sample matching strategy, by introducing the cost matrix to obtain the highest accuracy with the minimum cost. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv5s algorithm proposed in this paper improves mAP by 3.2% and FPS by 11.9 compared with the original YOLOv5s algorithm. In addition, the detection accuracy and detection speed of the improved YOLOv5s model in this paper have obvious advantages in terms of the detection effects of other common target detection algorithms on the animal dataset in this paper, which proves that the improved effectiveness and superiority of the improved YOLOv5s target detection algorithm in animal target detection.