Stress Distribution on Spinal Cord According to Type of Laminectomy for Large Focal Cervical Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Based on Finite Element Method

Abstract

Most studies on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) using the finite element method were conducted in the neutral state, and the resulting decompression was judged to be good. As these studies do not reflect the actual behavior of the cervical spine, this study conducted an analysis in the neutral state and a biomechanical analysis during flexion and extension behaviors. After validation via the construction of an intact cervical spine model, the focal OPLL model was inserted into the C4–C5 segment and a simulation was performed. The neutral state was shown by applying a fixed condition to the lower part of the T1 and Y-axis fixed condition of the spinal cord and simulating spinal cord compression with OPLL. For flexion and extension simulation, a ±30-degree displacement was additionally applied to the top of the C2 dens. Accordingly, it was confirmed that spinal cord decompression did not work well during the flexion and extension behaviors, but rather increased. Thus, if patients with focal OPLL inevitably need to undergo posterior decompression, additional surgery using an anterior approach should be considered.