The Adaptive Value of Chromosomal Inversions and Climatic Change—Studies on the Natural Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkans

Author:

Zivanovic Goran1,Arenas Concepció2,Mestres Francesc3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

2. Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció d’Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

3. Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció de Genètica Biomèdica, Evolutiva i Desenvolupament and IRBio (Institut de Recerca per la Biodiversitat), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

Abstract

The adaptive value of the Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversion polymorphism with regard to environmental effects is well-known. However, the specific details of the inversion adaptations to the global warming scenario deserve to be analyzed. Toward this aim, polymorphism and karyotypes were studied in 574 individuals from Petnica (Serbia) in annual samples taken in June for the period 2019–2022. Comparing the results of Petnica (Cfa: humid subtropical climate) with those from Avala (Serbia: Cfb, temperate oceanic climate) and Font Groga (Barcelona, Spain; Csa: hot-summer Mediterranean climate), significant differences were observed for their chromosomal polymorphism. In Petnica, inversions from U and E chromosomes mainly reacted significantly with regard to temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Moreover, the inversion polymorphism from Petnica (2019–2022) was compared with that from 1995. In this period, a significant increase in mean and maximum temperature was observed. However, to properly explain the observed variations of inversions over time, it was necessary to carefully analyze annual seasonal changes and particular heat wave episodes. Interestingly, yearly fluctuations of U chromosome ‘warm’-adapted inversions corresponded with opposite changes in ‘non-thermal’ inversions. Perhaps these types of inversions were not correctly defined with regard to thermal adaptation, or these fluctuations were also due to adaptations to other physical and/or biological variables. Finally, a joint study of chromosomal inversion polymorphism from many Balkan populations of D. subobscura indicated that different climatic regions presented distinct composition, including thermal-adapted inversions.

Funder

MINECO/FEDER

Spanish Government, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain

Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Insect Science

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