1. William J. Ripple (bill.ripple@oregonstate.edu), Christopher Wolf, and Thomas M. Newsome are affiliated with the Global Trophic Cascades Program in the Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society at Oregon State University, in Corvallis. TMN is also affiliated with the Centre for Integrative Ecology at Deakin University, in Geelong, Australia, and the School of Life and Environmental Sciences at The University of Sydney, Australia. Mauro Gal