Bearing Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motors Using a Genetic Algorithm and Machine Learning Classifiers

Abstract

Efficient fault diagnosis of electrical and mechanical anomalies in induction motors (IMs) is challenging but necessary to ensure safety and economical operation in industries. Research has shown that bearing faults are the most frequently occurring faults in IMs. The vibration signals carry rich information about bearing health conditions and are commonly utilized for fault diagnosis in bearings. However, collecting these signals is expensive and sometimes impractical because it requires the use of external sensors. The external sensors demand enough space and are difficult to install in inaccessible sites. To overcome these disadvantages, motor current signal-based bearing fault diagnosis methods offer an attractive solution. As such, this paper proposes a hybrid motor-current data-driven approach that utilizes statistical features, genetic algorithm (GA) and machine learning models for bearing fault diagnosis. First, the statistical features are extracted from the motor current signals. Second, the GA is utilized to reduce the number of features and select the most important ones from the feature database. Finally, three different classification algorithms namely KNN, decision tree, and random forest, are trained and tested using these features in order to evaluate the bearing faults. This combination of techniques increases the accuracy and reduces the computational complexity. The experimental results show that the three classifiers achieve an accuracy of more than 97%. In addition, the evaluation parameters such as precision, F1-score, sensitivity, and specificity show better performance. Finally, to validate the efficiency of the proposed model, it is compared with some recently adopted techniques. The comparison results demonstrate that the suggested technique is promising for diagnosis of IM bearing faults.