2D-DOA Estimation in Multipath Using EMVS Rectangle Array

Abstract

Electromagnetic vector sensor (EMVS) arrays bring an epochal opportunity for direction finding, as they enable the estimation of two-dimensional direction of arrival (2D-DOA) and polarization characteristics. In this paper, we revisit the 2D-DOA estimation problem in an EMVS rectangle array under multipath propagation. An improved subspace estimator is proposed, which addresses the rank-deficit problem through matrix arrangement, and the 2D-DOA and polarization parameters are estimated via combining the normalized vector cross-product with the least squares method. Our proposed method is suitable for a single snapshot scenario and offers superior accuracy compared to existing methods. To validate its effectiveness, several numerical simulations have been designed and conducted.