Optimization of the COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Route Using the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows Model and Capacity Constraint

Abstract

At this time the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines has been proven, and it is crucial to carry out the complete vaccination of the population. Therefore, it is imperative to optimize the vaccine distribution fleets. This paper discusses the optimization of distribution routes for the Pfizer vaccine in Portugal in terms of transportation time, total costs, and CO2 emissions. To this end, the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) model with a vehicle capacity restriction was used. The VRPTW model was tested for two scenarios. The first scenario allowed the driver to work overtime (585 min). The second scenario considered that the driver works 8 h (480 min). The results are presented to compare and justify the proposed method with large significance placed in terms of safety concerns, economic savings, environmental protection, and energy consumption. This paper aims to contribute to the healthcare system by optimizing the COVID-19 vaccine distribution routes and minimizing this process’s carbon footprint.