Formation Mechanisms and Crack Propagation Behaviors of White Etching Layers and Brown Etching Layers on Raceways of Failure Bearings

Author:

Zhang Xiaochen12,Wu Di13ORCID,Zhang Yaming2,Xu Lijia4,Wang Jianqiu125,Han En-Hou125

Affiliation:

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China

2. CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China

3. Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China

4. Manufacturing Department of Bayuquan Iron & Steel Subsidiary, Angang Steel Company Ltd., Yingkou 115007, China

5. Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China

Abstract

White etching layers (WELs) and brown etching layers (BELs), formed on the upper layer of bearing raceways generally lead to surface crack initiation and propagation and significantly affect the stable operation of precision bearings. In this study, the microstructure features of WELs and BELs from two failure bearings have been characterized and analyzed. The BEL mainly consists of quenched martensite with higher hardness values. The bainite simultaneously exists at the boundary of the BEL/matrix. Owing to the relative roll and slip, temperature increases and rapid decreases are the main formation mechanisms of the BEL in this study (thermal-induced effect). The WEL can be only found on one sample, and elongated and coarse grains are found in this region. It can be speculated that the WEL may originate from the surface region temperature increasing again and then slowly decreasing. Cracks can initiate at the boundaries of the WEL/BEL/matrix. The crack propagation behaviors are significantly affected by the properties of the WEL and BEL microstructure. It is difficult for the cracks to propagate from a softer WEL into a harder BEL. Thus, the depth of cracks in the WEL is shallower. However, because of the brittle nature of quenched martensite in the BEL, cracks can easily propagate downward under contact stress. Thus, the depth of cracks can exceed 100 μm easily. The formation mechanisms of the WEL/BEL and crack propagation behaviors have been further proved and discussed in this study.

Funder

Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Publisher

MDPI AG

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