Assessment of Agricultural Practices for Controlling Fusarium and Mycotoxins Contamination on Maize Grains: Exploratory Study in Maize Farms

Author:

Simões Daniela1ORCID,Carbas Bruna12ORCID,Soares Andreia1ORCID,Freitas Andreia13ORCID,Silva Ana Sanches145ORCID,Brites Carla16ORCID,Andrade Eugénia de16ORCID

Affiliation:

1. National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. Da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal

2. Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CITAB-UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal

3. REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal

4. Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), University of Porto, 55142 Porto, Portugal

5. University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal

6. GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal

Abstract

Maize is a significant crop to the global economy and a key component of food and feed, although grains and whole plants can often be contaminated with mycotoxins resulting in a general exposure of the population and animals. To investigate strategies for mycotoxins control at the grain production level, a pilot study and exploratory research were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to compare levels of mycotoxins in grains of plants treated with two fertilizers, F-BAC and Nefusoil, under real agricultural environment. The 1650 grains selected from the 33 samples were assessed for the presence of both Fusarium species and mycotoxins. Only fumonisins and deoxynivalenol were detected. Fumonisin B1 ranged from 0 to 2808.4 µg/Kg, and fumonisin B2 from 0 to 1041.9 µg/Kg, while deoxynivalenol variated from 0 to 465.8 µg/Kg. Nefusoil showed to be promising in regard to fumonisin control. Concerning the control of fungal contamination rate and the diversity of Fusarium species, no significant differences were found between the two treatments in any of the years. However, a tendency for was observed Nefusoil of lower values, probably due to the guaranteed less stressful conditions to the Fusarium spp. present in the soil, which do not stimulate their fumonisins production.

Funder

National Funds by Rural Development Program through the Operational Group QUALIMILHO—New sustainable integration strategies that guarantee quality and safety in the national maize

FCT, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through the R&D Unit

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology

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