Effect of Cu on the Corrosion Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel

Abstract

The effect of a Cu addition on the corrosion behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel in a solution was elaborately investigated through salt spray tests, FeCl3 immersion tests and characterization analyses. The corrosion behavior was further analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. 304Cu showed a higher corrosion resistance than 304 after the salt spray tests in a 5 wt.% NaCl solution for 168 h; the beneficial effect of Cu was not obvious after exposure for 480 h. Penetrating (stripped morphology in 304 and fishbone morphology in 304Cu) and non-penetrating dish-shaped pits were both observed on 304 and 304Cu after immersion in a 6 wt.% FeCl3 solution for 72 h; the corrosion rates of 304Cu were much higher than 304. Cu and Cu2+ were the main existing forms in the as-received 304Cu and Cu+ formed with the corrosion in chloride solutions. The results indicated a good corrosion resistance of 304Cu in service. The use of steel in an aggressive environment for a long exposure time should be cautiously considered.