The Risk Monitoring of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Critical Control Point of Soy Sauce Aroma-Type Baijiu Production

Abstract

Soy sauce aroma-type baijiu-producing regions are mostly in southwest China (Guizhou and Sichuan province) with a hot and humid subtropical monsoon climate, which is conducive to the propagation of toxigenic fungi. This suggests that there is a risk of potential contamination by mycotoxins in the soy sauce aroma-type baijiu production process, which poses significant food safety risks. Few studies on the safety of mycotoxins in soy sauce aroma-type baijiu production exist. Aiming to evaluate the safety of mycotoxins in soy sauce aroma-type baijiu during its production, this study screened and analyzed mycotoxic risk at critical points throughout the production process, investigated from raw materials, daqu, alcoholic fermentative grains, crude baijiu and microbial communities in different stages of the production process. The aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) contents in wheat, daqu, alcoholic fermentative grains and crude baijiu samples were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Mycotoxins were detected in wheat, daqu and alcoholic fermentative grains. The AFs and OTA detection rates, as well as their contents in the daqu samples, were relatively higher compared to those observed in the wheat and alcoholic fermentative grains. AFs were detected in 30% of the daqu samples, while OTA was detected in 20% of the daqu samples, though the contents of both AFs and OTA were under the maximum limit of the Chinese national standard. Furthermore, the fungi contained in daqu samples were isolated and identified, and the results showed that no fungi in the separated bacterial strains were producers of mycotoxins. According to the assessment results, the safety of soy sauce aroma-type baijiu production process in terms of AFs and OTA is confirmed.