Quartz Crystal Microbalance Genosensing of Brettanomyces bruxellensis Yeast in Wine Using a Rapid and Efficient Drop and Collect Protocol

Abstract

A miniaturized quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) genosensor is proposed for sensitive and real-time detection of short ssDNA sequences (53 bp) or DNA extracted from Brettanomyces bruxellensis (Brett) yeast cells. The presence of Brett yeast causes a depreciation of the quality of aged fine wines, producing molecules of unpleasant odors and biogenic amines that are harmful to human health. More specifically, standard quartz crystal (S-QCM) and homemade 4 nm gold transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-grid patterned quartz (multi-TEM QCM) are herein proposed for biofunctionalization steps with different ssDNA sequences. By employing a rapid and efficient drop and collect protocol, the specific detection of 1 pg/µL ssDNA Brett of a short sequence and 100 ng/μL DNA of B. bruxellensis extracted from a wine sample (VR2008) is reported.