Formation, Evolution, and Antioxidant Activity of Melanoidins in Black Garlic under Different Storage Conditions
Author:
Wang Bobo12, Zhong Yu1, Wang Danfeng1, Meng Fanbing3, Li Yuncheng3, Deng Yun12
Affiliation:
1. Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China 2. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China 3. College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
Abstract
Melanoidins (MLDs) are formed through the reaction of carbonyl compounds and amino compounds in the Maillard reaction (MR) during the heating or storage of food. In this study, the formation, chemical composition, and structural characteristics of black garlic (BG) MLDs stored at different temperatures (4 °C, 20 °C, and 35 °C) over a period of 6 months were investigated. The initial products of the MR formed more often at 4 °C and 20 °C, while higher temperatures (35 °C) promoted the reaction in the middle and late stages of the MR. The higher temperature promoted an increase in molecular weight and MLD content, which can be attributed to the increase in protein and phenolic content. Elemental analysis confirmed an increase in nitrogen (N) content and the continuous incorporation of nitrogen-rich substances into the skeleton. Amino acids, particularly aspartic acid and threonine, were the primary N-containing compounds involved in MLD formation. Additionally, the infrared analysis revealed that the changes in MLDs during storage were characterized by amide I and amide II groups. The MR enhanced the yields of heterocyclic compounds (from 56.60% to 78.89%), especially that of O-heterocyclic compounds, at the higher temperature according to Py-GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the higher temperature enhanced the molecular weight, maximum height, and roughness of MLDs compared to the control. The antioxidant ability of MLDs was positively correlated with storage temperatures. In summary, temperature had an impact on the formation, evolution, and antioxidant activity of MLDs.
Funder
Sichuan Science and Technology Program
Subject
Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science
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