Anti-Inflammatory and Vasorelaxant Effects Induced by an Aqueous Aged Black Garlic Extract Supplemented with Vitamins D, C, and B12 on Cardiovascular System

Author:

Recinella Lucia1,Libero Maria Loreta1ORCID,Citi Valentina2,Chiavaroli Annalisa1ORCID,Martelli Alma234ORCID,Foligni Roberta5,Mannozzi Cinzia5ORCID,Acquaviva Alessandra16ORCID,Di Simone Simonetta1ORCID,Calderone Vincenzo234,Orlando Giustino1,Ferrante Claudio1ORCID,Veschi Serena1ORCID,Piro Anna1ORCID,Menghini Luigi1ORCID,Brunetti Luigi1,Leone Sheila1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy

2. Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy

3. Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy

4. CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing of Pisa University, 56126 Pisa, Italy

5. Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60121 Ancona, Italy

6. Veridia Italia Srl, Via Piano di Sacco, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy

Abstract

Multiple studies demonstrated biological activities of aged black garlic, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of an aged black garlic water extract (ABGE) alone or in association with multivitamins consisting of combined Vitamins D, C, and B12, on mouse heart specimens exposed to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, we studied the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) releasing properties and the membrane hyperpolarization effect of the Formulation composed by ABGE and multivitamins, using Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (HASMCs). ABGE, vitamins D and C, and the Formulation suppressed LPS-induced gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on mouse heart specimens. The beneficial effects induced by the extract could be related to the pattern of polyphenolic composition, with particular regard to gallic acid and catechin. The Formulation also increased fluorescence values compared to the vehicle, and it caused a significant membrane hyperpolarization of HASMCs compared to ABGE. To conclude, our present findings showed that ABGE, alone and in association with multivitamins, exhibited protective effects on mouse heart. Moreover, the Formulation increased intracellular H2S formation, further suggesting its potential use on cardiovascular disease.

Funder

il Grappolo S.r.l.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science

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