1. Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Toronto, 105-35 Saint George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A4 (corresponding author).
2. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Toronto, 35 Saint George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A4.
3. Founding Principal, Creative Urban Projects, Toronto, ON, Canada M5A 2L2.
4. Center of Research Excellence in Hajj and Omrah, Umm Al-Qura Univ., Makkah, P.O. Box: 6287, Saudi Arabia.