Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Body Composition in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL)

Author:

Chou Sharon H12ORCID,Murata Elle M1,Yu Cindy1,Danik Jacqueline23,Kotler Gregory4,Cook Nancy R245ORCID,Bubes Vadim4,Mora Samia246,Chandler Paulette D24,Tobias Deirdre K247,Copeland Trisha4,Buring Julie E245,Manson JoAnn E245ORCID,LeBoff Meryl S12

Affiliation:

1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

3. Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

4. Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

5. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

6. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

7. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

Abstract

Abstract Context Although observational studies show inverse associations between vitamin D status and body weight/adiposity, there are few large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating this relationship. Objective To determine whether vitamin D3 supplementation lowers weight or improves body composition. Design The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled RCT including 25 871 US adults. This ancillary study was completed in a sub-cohort that underwent body composition assessments at baseline and 2-year follow-up (89% retention). Setting Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center in Boston. Participants 771 participants (men ≥ 50 and women ≥ 55 years). Interventions 2 × 2 factorial design of supplemental vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) and/or omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/day). Main Outcome Measures Endpoints were 2-year changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and total and/or regional fat and lean tissue measures determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Effect modification by clinical variables and total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels was explored. Results There were no effects of supplemental vitamin D3vs placebo on weight, BMI, or measures of adiposity and lean tissue. Effects did not vary by sex, race/ethnicity, fat mass index, or baseline total or free 25(OH)D levels. Vitamin D3 supplementation did slightly improve body fat percentage in participants with normal BMI at baseline, but not in the overweight or obese (P for interaction = 0.04). Conclusions Daily vitamin D3 supplementation vs placebo in the general older population did not improve weight or body composition. Whether supplemental vitamin D3 may benefit individuals with normal BMI warrants further study.

Funder

NCRR

NIH

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

National Cancer Institute

American Cancer Society

Publisher

The Endocrine Society

Subject

Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,Endocrinology,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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