Upregulation of VEGF and PEDF in Placentas of Women with Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency during Pregnancy and Its Implication in Villous Calcification

Author:

Ortega Miguel A12,Saez Miguel Ángel13,Asúnsolo Ángel24,Romero Beatriz12,Bravo Coral35,Coca Santiago12ORCID,Sainz Felipe36,Álvarez-Mon Melchor1278ORCID,Buján Julia12ORCID,García-Honduvilla Natalio12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

2. Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain

3. Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Spain

4. Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

5. Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Section of Fetal Maternal Medicine, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Madrid, Spain

6. Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Madrid, Spain

7. Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

8. Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Pregnancy is a period in a woman’s life in which changes can occur that affect different physiological processes. Common conditions during this period include vascular changes, such as lower extremity venous insufficiency (VI). This is an observational, analytical, and prospective cohort study in which 114 pregnant women were analyzed, of which 62 were clinically diagnosed with VI. In parallel, 52 control patients without VI (HC) were studied. The aim of this study was to observe changes in angiogenesis and inflammation markers as well as the presence of calcium deposits. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. The presence of calcium deposits was revealed using the von Kossa method. In the placentas of mothers with VI, gene expression of VEGF (34.575 [32.380–36.720] VI vs 32.965 [30.580–36.320] HC) and PEDF (25.417 [24.459–27.675] VI vs 24.400 [23.102–30.223] HC) significantly increased, as was protein expression in the placental villi. An increase in calcium deposits was observed in the placentas of women with VI (72.58% VI/53.84% HC). This study revealed the existence of cellular damage in the placental villi of mothers with VI with tissue implications such as increased calcification.

Funder

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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