Chronic Venous Disease during Pregnancy Is Related to Inflammation of the Umbilical Cord: Role of Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1 (AIF-1) and Interleukins 10 (IL-10), IL-12 and IL-18

Author:

Sánchez-Trujillo Lara123ORCID,Fraile-Martinez Oscar12ORCID,García-Montero Cielo12ORCID,García-Puente Luis M.12,Guijarro Luis G.124,De Leon-Oliva Diego12,Boaru Diego Liviu12,Gardón-Alburquerque David1,del Val Toledo Lobo María25ORCID,Royuela Mar5ORCID,García-Tuñón Ignacio5ORCID,Rios-Parra Antonio26,De León-Luis Juan A.789ORCID,Bravo Coral789,Álvarez-Mon Melchor1210ORCID,Bujan Julia12ORCID,Saez Miguel A.1211ORCID,García-Honduvilla Natalio12ORCID,Ortega Miguel A.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain

2. Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain

3. Deparment of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain

4. Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (Networking Research Center on for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain

5. Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain

6. Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain

7. Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain

9. Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain

10. Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain

11. Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain

Abstract

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common condition that affects the veins in the lower limbs, resulting in a variety of symptoms, such as swelling, pain, and varicose veins (VVs). The plenty hormonal, hemodynamic and mechanical changes occurred in pregnancy make women especially vulnerable to suffer from this condition in this period. Previous works have identified that CVD is associated with an increased inflammatory milieu and significant damage in maternofetal tissues, such as the umbilical cord. However, the inflammatory status of this structure in these patients has not been studied yet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine gene and protein expression of a set of inflammatory markers—Allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 12A (IL-12A) and IL-18 and the anti-inflammatory product IL-10—in the umbilical cord of women with CVD during pregnancy (N = 62) and healthy pregnant women (HC; N = 52) by the use of real time qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our results demonstrate that the umbilical cord tissue from CVD women exhibit an increased expression of AIF-1, IL-12A and IL-18 along with a decrease in IL-10. Therefore, our study suggests an inflammatory status of this structure related to CVD. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the expression of other inflammatory markers, as well as to analyze the maternofetal impact of these findings.

Funder

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Comunidad de Madrid

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Medicine (miscellaneous)

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