Vascular Calcification: Molecular Networking, Pathological Implications and Translational Opportunities
-
Published:2024-02-25
Issue:3
Volume:14
Page:275
-
ISSN:2218-273X
-
Container-title:Biomolecules
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Biomolecules
Author:
Ortega Miguel A.12ORCID, De Leon-Oliva Diego12, Gimeno-Longas Maria José3ORCID, Boaru Diego Liviu12, Fraile-Martinez Oscar12ORCID, García-Montero Cielo12ORCID, de Castro Amador Velazquez12, Barrena-Blázquez Silvestra24, López-González Laura25, Amor Silvia1, García-Honduvilla Natalio12ORCID, Buján Julia12ORCID, Guijarro Luis G.26, Castillo-Ruiz Elisa12, Álvarez-Mon Miguel Ángel12, Albillos Agustin12, Álvarez-Mon Melchor127ORCID, Diaz Raul258ORCID, Saez Miguel A.129ORCID
Affiliation:
1. CIBEREHD, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain 2. Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain 3. Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain 4. Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain 5. Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain 6. Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain 7. Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology Service, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain 8. Surgery Service, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain 9. Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
Abstract
Calcification is a process of accumulation of calcium in tissues and deposition of calcium salts by the crystallization of PO43− and ionized calcium (Ca2+). It is a crucial process in the development of bones and teeth. However, pathological calcification can occur in almost any soft tissue of the organism. The better studied is vascular calcification, where calcium salts can accumulate in the intima or medial layer or in aortic valves, and it is associated with higher mortality and cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, aortic and peripheral artery disease (PAD), and diabetes or chronic kidney disease (CKD), among others. The process involves an intricate interplay of different cellular components, endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), fibroblasts, and pericytes, concurrent with the activation of several signaling pathways, calcium, Wnt, BMP/Smad, and Notch, and the regulation by different molecular mediators, growth factors (GFs), osteogenic factors and matrix vesicles (MVs). In the present review, we aim to explore the cellular players, molecular pathways, biomarkers, and clinical treatment strategies associated with vascular calcification to provide a current and comprehensive overview of the topic.
Funder
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Reference223 articles.
1. Proudfoot, D. (2019). Calcium Signaling and Tissue Calcification. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 11. 2. De Leon-Oliva, D., Barrena-Blázquez, S., Jiménez-Álvarez, L., Fraile-Martinez, O., García-Montero, C., López-González, L., Torres-carranza, D., García-Puente, L.M., Carranza, S.T., and Álvarez-Mon, M.Á. (2023). The RANK–RANKL–OPG System: A Multifaceted Regulator of Homeostasis, Immunity, and Cancer. Medicina, 59. 3. Mechanism of Bone Mineralization;Murshed;Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med.,2018 4. De Leon-Oliva, D., Boaru, D.L., Perez-Exposito, R.E., Fraile-Martinez, O., García-Montero, C., Díaz, R., García-Honduvilla, N., Lopez-Gonzalez, L., Alvarez-Mon, M., and Saz, J.V. (2023). Advanced Hydrogel-Based Strategies for Enhanced Bone and Cartilage Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review. Gels, 9. 5. Fraile-Martínez, O., García-Montero, C., Coca, A., Álvarez-Mon, M.A., Monserrat, J., Gómez-lahoz, A.M., Coca, S., Álvarez-mon, M., Acero, J., and Bujan, J. (2021). Applications of Polymeric Composites in Bone Tissue Engineering and Jawbone Regeneration. Polymers, 13.
|
|