Application of Multivariate Optimization for Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants Extraction from Moroccan Cannabis sativa Waste

Abstract

A statistical simplex centroid design methodology was applied to determine the effects of different solvents and their mixtures on the yield, total polyphenol content, 2′2-dipheny-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of extracts from the waste of Cannabis sativa. The different extractor solvents (ethanol, methanol, water, and hexane) and their binary and ternary combinations were evaluated. The experimental results and their response surface models showed that the highest TPC yield values occur with the binary interaction between water and ethanol around the proportion of (ethanol, 70%; water, 30%). The desirability function showed that the optimal conditions were for TPC extraction ternary mixtures which consisted of 75% ethanol, 12.5% methanol, and 12.5% water. Ternary mixtures including water and binary mixture (ethanol 50% to 75%) yielded extracts with the best DPPH antioxidant activity, whereas pure methanol was the best solvent for extracting molecules with FRAP antioxidant capacity. The desirability function including all responses showed that the optimal solvent mixture consisted of 25% ethanol and 75% methanol.