Biochemical Analysis of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Accessions in Southwest of Ethiopia

Abstract

Cassava is a significant contributor to food security and an income source for smallholder farmers in southern Ethiopia. However, little research effort has been done so far based on designing field experiment samples for the biochemical composition of cassava accession at the country level. The study was conducted to assess the biochemical composition of cassava accessions in southwest Ethiopia. Flour samples from the storage roots of 64 cassava accessions were collected and were run in duplicates. Data on 13 biochemical characters were collected and analyzed using standard methods. The analysis of variance showed significant to very highly significant differences among the tested accessions for biochemical composition. The flour moisture ranged from 4.83–10.11%, dry matter (89.89-95.17%), organic matter (86.71–92.65%), ash (2.1–3.96%), fiber (1.14–3.00%), fat (0.26-1.4%), crude protein (1.28-2.86%), starch (65.1–74.2%), carbohydrate (81.29–87.94%), energy (341.44–367.61 kcal/100g DM), and cyanide (1.67–3.14). The highest GCV = 29.54% was shown for crude fat, followed by GCV = 16.94% for crude fiber, and GCV = 16.11% for tannin, whereas, among the characters, dry matter was observed to be the lowest (GCV = 0.84%). The GAM ranged from protein 0.30% to 54.94% for fat, while heritability ranged from flour moisture and dry matter (17.29%) to 84.88% for cyanide. The first five principal components explained 80.1% of the total variation, with PC I accounting for 37%, PC II 15.4%, PC III 11.6%, PC IV 8.4%, and PC V 8.20% of the total variation. This study found the presence of high biochemical variability among the tested accessions’ roots and could be used to select accessions with desirable biochemical composition in future breeding work.