Optimizing the Vanillin‐Acid Sulfuric Method to Total Saponin Content in Leaves of Yerba Mate Clones

Author:

de Aguiar Natalia Saudade1ORCID,Hansel Fabricio Augusto2ORCID,Reis Cristiane Aparecida Fioravante2ORCID,Lazzarotto Marcelo3ORCID,Wendling Ivar12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Departament of Forest Science Curitiba Paraná Brazil 80210-170

2. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Embrapa Forestry Colombo Paraná Brazil 83411-000

3. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Embrapa Grape and Wine Bento Gonçalves Rio Grande do Sul Brazil 95701-008

Abstract

AbstractYerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a forest species consumed in the form of non‐alcoholic beverages in South America, with applications in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The species leaves are globally recognized for their important bioactive compounds, including, saponins. We adjusted the vanillin‐acid sulfuric method for determining spectrophotometrically the total saponin in yerba mate leaves. Seeking to maximize the extraction of saponins from leaves, a Doehlert design combined with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used, considering ethanol:water ratios and ultrasound times. In addition, the same methodology was used for the analysis of times and temperatures in the vanillin‐sulfuric acid reaction heating. The contents of total saponin in mature leaves were compared in four yerba mate clones. The extraction was maximized using 40 % ethanol:60 % water and 60 minutes of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) without heating. For the reaction conditions, 70 °C for 10 minutes heating is recommended, and UV/Vis reading from 460 to 680 nm. Using the optimized methodology, total saponin contents ranged from 28.43 to 53.09 mg g−1 in the four yerba mate clones. The significant difference in saponin contents between clones indicate great genetic diversity and potential for clones’ selection and extraction of these compounds from yerba mate leaves.

Publisher

Wiley

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