An Alteration of Lymphocytes Subpopulations and Immunoglobulins Levels in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers Infected Particularly by Resistant Pathogens

Author:

Fejfarová Vladimíra1ORCID,Jirkovská Alexandra1,Dubský Michal1,Game Frances2,Vydláková Jana3,Sekerková Alena3,Franeková Jana4,Kučerová Monika1,Stříž Ilja3,Petkov Vladimír5,Bém Robert1ORCID,Wosková Veronika1ORCID,Němcová Andrea1,Skibová Jelena1

Affiliation:

1. Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic

2. Diabetes Unit, Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK

3. Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic

4. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic

5. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

The aim of our study was to analyse immune abnormalities in patients with chronic infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) especially those infected by resistant microorganisms. Methods. 68 patients treated in our foot clinic for infected chronic DFUs with 34 matched diabetic controls were studied. Patients with infected DFUs were subdivided into two subgroups according to the antibiotic sensitivity of causal pathogen: subgroup S infected by sensitive (n=50) and subgroup R by resistant pathogens (n=18). Selected immunological markers were compared between the study groups and subgroups. Results. Patients with infected chronic DFUs had, in comparison with diabetic controls, significantly reduced percentages (p<0.01) and total numbers of lymphocytes (p<0.001) involving B lymphocytes (p<0.01), CD4+ (p<0.01), and CD8+ T cells (p<0.01) and their naive and memory effector cells. Higher levels of IgG (p<0.05) including IgG1 (p<0.001) and IgG3 (p<0.05) were found in patients with DFUs compared to diabetic controls. Serum levels of immunoglobulin subclasses IgG2 and IgG3 correlated negatively with metabolic control (p<0.05). A trend towards an increased frequency of IgG2 deficiency was found in patients with DFUs compared to diabetic controls (22% versus 15%; NS). Subgroup R revealed lower levels of immunoglobulins, especially of IgG4 (p<0.01) in contrast to patients infected by sensitive bacteria. The innate immunity did not differ significantly between the study groups. Conclusion. Our study showed changes mainly in the adaptive immune system represented by low levels of lymphocyte subpopulations and their memory effector cells, and also changes in humoral immunity in patients with DFUs, even those infected by resistant pathogens, in comparison with diabetic controls.

Funder

Ministry of Health, Czech Republic

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Endocrinology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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