Bacterial Species Involved in Venous Leg Ulcer Infections and Their Sensitivity to Antibiotherapy—An Alarm Signal Regarding the Seriousness of Chronic Venous Insufficiency C6 Stage and Its Need for Prompt Treatment

Author:

Matei Sergiu-Ciprian12ORCID,Dumitru Cristina Stefania3ORCID,Fakhry Ayman Mohamed4,Ilijevski Nenad56,Pešić Slobodan5ORCID,Petrović Jovan5ORCID,Crăiniceanu Zorin Petrişor7,Murariu Marius-Sorin12ORCID,Olariu Sorin12

Affiliation:

1. Abdominal Surgery and Phlebology Research Center, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania

2. 1st Surgical Department, Pius Brînzeu Emergency County Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania

3. Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania

4. Department of Vascular Surgery, Military Academy, Cairo 1000, Egypt

5. Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases “Dedinje”, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia

6. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia

7. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania

Abstract

Background: Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are a common chronic wound condition susceptible to infection by various bacterial species. Understanding bacterial presence and antibiotic sensitivity is crucial for effective treatment. Methodsː Medical records of 60 patients diagnosed with the C6 chronic venous insufficiency stage were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into an active recurrent VLU group (33 cases) and a first-onset active VLU group (27 cases). Bacterial identification, antibiotic sensitivity, and laboratory markers were assessed. Resultsː Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent bacterial species in both the study (72.72%) and control (37.03%) groups, along with other common bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, uncommon bacteria, including Providencia rettgeri, Group B Streptococcus, and Salmonella Paratyphi B, and a fungal infection with Candida albicans, were identified only in the study group, while Morganella morganii was found exclusively in the control group. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed significant sensitivity to several antibiotics, particularly Amikacin and Meropenem. Nonspecific laboratory markers, such as CRP, fibrinogen, ESR, WBC, CK, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, revealed statistically significant differences between groups, indicating their potential as biomarkers for monitoring recurrent VLUs. Conclusionsː These results highlight the need for comprehensive diagnostic approaches to effectively manage VLU infections and improve patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore factors influencing the presence of uncommon bacteria and to develop targeted interventions for VLU management.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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