Impact of climate change on grape composition: a review

Abstract

The objective of this study was to prepare a literature review on the main implications of climate change for the composition of grapes and wine. A literature review was carried out with articles, books, and other scientific materials available in internet databases for indexing terms. A systematic literature review was adopted to prepare this review. Initially, the question for the development of the research was formulated. Soon after the search strategy was defined, the search for manuscripts related to the subject in the databases began. The manuscripts were selected for their relevance and relationship with the key subject of this review. Results inferred that the problems caused by the greenhouse effect, not only globally but also at regional and local levels, are worrying for the agricultural sector. In Brazil, projections for the end of the century indicate an increase of approximately 2°C in temperature, and the vine is a crop highly influenced by the climate, considered a factor of utmost importance for its development, productivity, and quality in the vineyard. Studies have shown that climate change causes changes in temperature, solar radiation, water, and CO2, consequently compromising the composition of sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds and aromatic compounds, in grapes and wine. It is concluded that the problems caused by climate change in both the composition of grapes and wine are worrying, as they can cause great losses for producers and vineyards. However, more studies and research are needed to propose strategies that can minimize the effects of climate implications.