Association between Vitamin D Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Potential Confounding Variables
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Published:2019-01-29
Issue:4
Volume:19
Page:310-332
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ISSN:1389-5575
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Container-title:Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
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language:en
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Short-container-title:MRMC
Author:
Pacifico Lucia1, Osborn John F.2, Bonci Enea3, Pierimarchi Pasquale4, Chiesa Claudio4
Affiliation:
1. Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324 00161-Rome, Italy 2. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324 00161- Rome, Italy 3. Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324 00161- Rome, Italy 4. Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100 00133- Rome, Italy
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), historically considered to be the hepatic component
of the metabolic syndrome, is a spectrum of fat-associated liver conditions, in the absence of secondary
causes, that may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Disease
progression is closely associated with body weight or fatness, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance,
oxidative stress, and inflammation. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the pathogenesis
and severity of NAFLD because of vitamin D “pleiotropic” functions, with roles in immune modulation,
cell differentiation and proliferation, and regulation of inflammation. Indeed, several studies have
reported an association between vitamin D and NAFLD/NASH. However, other studies have failed to
find an association. Therefore, we sought to critically review the current evidence on the association
between vitamin D deficiency and NAFLD/NASH, and to analyze and discuss some key variables that
may interfere with this evaluation, such as host-, environment-, and heritability-related factors regulating
vitamin D synthesis and metabolism; definitions of deficient or optimal vitamin D status with respect
to skeletal and nonskeletal outcomes including NAFLD/NASH; methods of measuring 25(OH)D;
and methods of diagnosing NAFLD as well as quantifying adiposity, the cardinal link between vitamin
D deficiency and NAFLD.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,General Medicine
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