Gametophyte phase of commercial kelps, the potential food supplements for essential fatty acids and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Author:

Geng Xicheng1,Jia Xuli2,Liu Lanqing1,Ma Shanpeng1ORCID,Liu Hongbing13ORCID,Liu Tao45

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China

2. College of Marine Life Science Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China

3. NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Qingdao P. R. China

4. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen P.R. China

5. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai P.R. China

Abstract

AbstractFor heteromorphic algae with alternating generations, the thallus and gametophyte phases are different morphologies in free‐living life history. The thalli are popular used as traditional vegetables and herbal drugs, whereas the gametophyte phases are little involved. To better understand the functional lipids in the gametophyte phase of three commercial kelps, Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, and Costaria costata, the contents of total lipids (TLs), fatty acid (FA) profiles, and transcriptomic analysis were performed. For the studied kelps, the TL contents in gametophyte phase were always almost twice more than those in the thallus, and the kelp species, their life stage, and the gender were critical factors affecting lipid accumulation. The gametophyte phases of U. pinnatifida and C. costata were rich in essential FA C18:2 n − 6 and C18:3 n − 3. The S. japonica gametophyte phase contained abundant C20:5 n − 3 and C18:4 n − 3, possessed an ideal ratio of n − 6/n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid below 1.0, and was supported by the transcriptome data which showed that the key sjD12/15 (n − 3) gene of gametophyte partially upregulated than sporophyte. The results suggested that S. japonica gametophyte phase was the worthiest of further development and utilization as a functional food.Practical ApplicationIt is the first report on the fatty acid characteristics of three gametophyte phases of Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, and Costaria costata and find that the S. japonica was worthy of further development and utilization as a functional food owing to its satisfactory fatty acid composition.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Food Science

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