1. 1William Tow , Subregional security cooperation in the Third World (Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 1990 ), pp.4 -5 .
2. 2'Central Asia' in this article is taken to comprise the five CIS Central Asian states: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Security policy is defined here narrowly as relating to inter- and intrastate threat environments that create the potential for conflict rather than in the broad sense of human security. Nor are economic, energy or environmental aspects of security analysed in any detail. For analysis of efforts at region-building in a variety of functional fields of cooperation in the post-Soviet states, including aspects of 'soft security', seeRenata Dwan, Oleksandr Pavliuk, and Renata Dwan , Building security in the new states of Eurasia: subregional cooperation in the former Soviet space (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2000 ). This volume includes background research for the current article in Roy Allison, 'Subregional cooperation and security in the CIS', pp.149 -76 . See also, Building security in the new states of Eurasia: subregional cooperation in the former Soviet space (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2000 ).
3. 5Michael Schultz, Fredrik Soderbaum, and Joakim Ojendal , Regionalization in a globalizing world: a comparative perspective on forms, actors and processes (London and New York: Zed, 2001 ), pp.264 , 264 -7 .See also Bohr, 'Regionalism in Central Asia'.