Effect of dairy and nondairy snacks on postprandial blood glucose regulation in 9–14-year-old children

Author:

Gheller Brandon J.1,Gheller Mary1,Li Athena1,Nunes Fernando2,Anini Younes3,Glanville N. Theresa1,Bellissimo Nick4,Hamilton Jill5,Anderson G. Harvey6,Luhovyy Bohdan L.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford, Hwy, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.

2. Department of Child and Youth Studies, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.

3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.

4. School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.

5. Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.

6. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada.

Abstract

In adults, dairy consumption improves short-term blood glucose regulation. It is unknown if these short-term benefits extend to children of different weight statuses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a dairy and nondairy snack in both normal-weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) children on blood glucose regulation and food intake (FI). In a repeated-measures crossover design, 11 NW and 7 OW/OB children (age: 9–14 years), consumed, in random order, a dairy (Greek yogurt, 198.9 g, 171 kcal, 0 g fat, 17 g protein) or nondairy (mini sandwich-type cookies, 37.5 g, 175 kcal, 7.5 g fat, 1.3 g protein) snack containing 25 g of available carbohydrates. Ad libitum FI was measured 120 min after snack consumption. Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured at 0 min (before the snack), and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after snack consumption. Insulin secretion was calculated from deconvolution of C-peptide. Hepatic insulin extraction was calculated as C-peptide divided by insulin. FI did not differ between snacks (P = 0.55). Mean blood glucose was lower (P < 0.001) and insulin higher (P < 0.0001) in the 120 min after consuming the dairy snack. C-Peptide concentrations (P = 0.75) and insulin secretion (P = 0.37) were not different between snacks. The increase in insulin was explained by reduced hepatic insulin extraction (P < 0.01). Consumption of the dairy snack also increased mean GLP-1 concentrations (P < 0.001). In conclusion, consumption of a dairy snack by NW and OW/OB children results in reduced postprandial blood glucose concentrations and elevated circulating insulin compared with a nondairy snack possibly because of delayed hepatic insulin extraction.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

Physiology (medical),Nutrition and Dietetics,Physiology,General Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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