Computational study of the threshold energy for the 1,2-interchange of X and R (X, R = halogens, pseudohalogens, and monovalent hydrocarbon groups) on CH2XCH2R

Abstract

Transition state geometries and threshold energies, E0, were computed for an unusual unimolecular isomerization reaction that exchanges two groups (X, R) on CH2XCH2R. An objective is to determine the most energetically feasible interchanges to guide experimental investigations. The interchanging species included halogens (F, Cl, Br) and pseudohalogens and monovalent hydrocarbons (H, SH, CH3, NH2, OH, OCF3, OCH3, CH=CH2, CH2CH3, CH2OH, C≡CH, CH2CF3, CCl3, CF3) attached to a two carbon backbone. Ground state and transition state geometries were optimized with the B3PW91 level of theory and 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set. The Br–Br interchange had the lowest E0 (141 kJ/mol), and CH3–H had the highest E0 (582 kJ/mol). In general, larger atoms or groups with lone pairs of electrons such as halogens, SH, OH, OCH3, OCF3, and NH2 tend to lower the E0 barrier for interchange, making them the most likely to be experimentally observed.