Comparative antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of roots, stems, leaves and seeds from <i>Cleome rutidosperma</i> DC

Abstract

The emerging microbial infections and their resistance to the existing antibiotics lead to discovering novel compounds, primarily from medicinal plants with secondary metabolites having several bioactive potentials, including antioxidants. The current investigation aims to measure the antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extracts from roots, stems, leaves and seeds of <i>Cleome rutidosperma</i>. The extracts were subjected to quantitative (total phenolic and flavonoid), qualitative phytochemical studies, and functional groups identification by FT-IR analysis. The extract of leaves showed the highest total antioxidant (54.21±1.56 mg ABAE/g), DPPH (62.92±1.94 mg GAEs/g), and FRAP (71.64±2.02 mg GAEs/g) activity among the all-tested parts. The antibacterial efficacy of extracts was determined by the microdilution bioassay method, which demonstrated that G(+ve) bacteria appear to be more susceptible to the crude extracts than G (-ve) bacteria. The qualitative phytochemical screening-detected alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, sugars, proteins, saponins, sterols, tannins, and terpenoids. The leaves have the highest levels of phenolics (70.451.23 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (32.261.12 mg RE/g DW) among the all-tested parts. The extracts' functional group was validated using the FT-IR spectra. Polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins were identified in the crude extracts. These findings imply that <i>C. rutidoserma</i> could be a promising candidate for further research into infectious illness treatment and as a resource of novel antioxidants in nutraceutical and biopharmaceutical industries as a functional additive.