Resonantly enhanced lumped-element O-band Mach–Zehnder modulator with an ultra-wide operating wavelength range

Abstract

We demonstrate an O-band resonantly enhanced Mach–Zehnder modulator utilizing highly overcoupled resonators with staggered resonance wavelengths that achieves an operating range of 6.6 nm (7.1 nm) with a 1 dB (3 dB) optical modulation amplitude penalty. It can be operated in a power-efficient lumped-element configuration without any tuning of the resonators in an extended temperature range of 80°C.