1. The editorial group of Fujian Fish Chi. Fujian Fish Chi. 1st ed. Fuzhou: Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House; 1985, p. 19–20 [in Chinese].
2. Groupers of the world, No. 125, vol. 16;Heemstra,1993
3. Fishes of Taiwan;Shen,1993
4. Fish taxonomy;Wang,1958
5. Pacific marine fishes—fishes of southern Japan and the ryukyus;Burgess,1971