Arcobacter halophilus sp. nov., the first obligate halophile in the genus Arcobacter

Abstract

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated LA31BT, was isolated from water collected from a hypersaline lagoon on Laysan Atoll in the north-western Hawaiian Islands. Single cells of LA31BT were slightly curved but became helical as their length increased. Preliminary characterization based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that LA31BT shared 96·0 % identity with an Arcobacter sp. isolated from a cyanobacterial mat in hypersaline Lake Sinai, and 94 % identity with Arcobacter nitrofigilis, the type species of the genus Arcobacter. A polyphasic taxonomic study was conducted and confirmed the phylogenetic affiliation of strain LA31BT to the genus Arcobacter. However, LA31BT was found to be distinct from all recognized Arcobacter species, by a comprehensive biochemical test analysis, whole-cell fatty acid profiling, DNA G+C content (35 mol% in LA31BT) and degree of DNA–DNA reassociation. Most notably, LA31BT was found to be an obligate halophile, a hitherto undescribed feature among recognized Arcobacter species. These data indicate that LA31BT should be considered to represent a novel species in the genus Arcobacter, for which the name Arcobacter halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. This is the first obligately halophilic member of the genus. The type strain is LA31BT (=ATCC BAA-1022T=CIP 108450T).