Haladaptatus halobius sp. nov. and Haladaptatus salinisoli sp. nov., two extremely halophilic archaea isolated from Gobi saline soil

Abstract

Two extremely halophilic archaeal strains, PSR5T and PSR8T, were isolated from a saline soil sample collected from the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, PR China. Both strains had two copies of the 16S rRNA genes rrn1 and rrn2, showing 2.6 and 3.9% divergence, respectively. The rrn1 gene of PSR5T showed 98.4 and 95.3% similarity to the rrn1 and rrn2 genes of strain PSR8T; the rrn2 gene of PSR5T displayed 97.4 and 96.7% similarity to those of strain PSR8T, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA and rpoB′ genes revealed that strains PSR5T and PSR8T formed a single cluster, and then tightly clustered with the current four Haladaptatus species (93.5–97.1% similarities for the 16S rRNA gene and 89.3–90.9% similarities for the rpoB′ gene, respectively). Several phenotypic characteristics differentiate strains PSR5T and PSR8T from current Haladaptatus members. The polar lipids of the two strains are phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester phosphatidylglycerol sulphate and three glycolipids. One of the glycolipids is sulphated mannosyl glucosyl diether, and the remaining two glycolipids are unidentified. The average nucleotide identity, in silico DNA–DNA hybridization, amino acid identity and percentage of conserved proteins values between the two strains were 88.5, 39.1, 89.3 and 72.8 %, respectively, much lower than the threshold values proposed as a species boundary. These values among the two strains and Haladaptatus members were 77.9–79.2, 22.0–23.5, 75.1–78.2 and 56.8–69.9 %, respectively, much lower than the recommended threshold values for species delimitation. These results suggested that strains PSR5T and PSR8T represent two novel species of Haladaptatus . Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic properties, strains PSR5T (=CGMCC 1.16851T=JCM 34141T) and PSR8T (=CGMCC 1.17025T=JCM 34142T) represent two novel species of the genus Haladaptatus , for which the names Haladaptatus halobius sp. nov. and Haladaptatus salinisoli sp. nov. are proposed.