Review of mycotoxins in grapes and grape products

Abstract

This review explores the presence of mycotoxins in grapes and grape products, focusing on various types such as ochratoxin A (OTA), aflatoxins, fumonisins, patulin, and others. The discussion encompasses multifaceted factors influencing mycotoxin occurrence, including environmental aspects, agricultural practices, and post-harvest handling. Advanced techniques for mycotoxin detection, such as chromatography and immunoassays, are explored, along with the challenges associated with these methods. Mitigation strategies, such as the implementation of good agricultural practices and good manufacturing practices, are presented. Additionally, emerging technologies for mycotoxin control are discussed, highlighting innovative approaches in the field. This overview aims to contribute to the complex realm of mycotoxins in grapes and grape products, offering a holistic understanding from detection to mitigation. The concluding remarks emphasize the significance of proactive measures to ensure the safety and quality of grape products regarding mycotoxin challenges.