Prospects for expanding the production of oilseeds in the Ural region

Abstract

Abstract. As a result of the market transformations of the 90s, agricultural enterprises in the Ural Federal District experienced a skew in the structure of acreage in the form of an unjustified increase in the share of grain crops, which unbalanced the existing system of crop rotations and the organizational and economic stability of agricultural production. One of the ways of sustainable development of crop production is to increase the structure of crops of highly profitable oilseeds, which allows you to increase the income of agricultural enterprises, rationally distribute the time of field work and the workload of equipment. The aim of the work is to study the possibility of increasing the economic sustainability of crop production in the regions of the Ural Federal District by expanding the area of oilseeds. The methods of monographic, mathematical, and statistical analysis of data from published official statistical sources and annual reports of agricultural enterprises were used. The novelty of the research is to analyze the effectiveness of oilseed cultivation in the regions of the Ural Federal District, taking into account the new economic and agrotechnical conditions of the last years. The results of the study showed that an increase in the share of oilseeds in the structure of crops makes it possible to better use the agro-climatic potential of various regions of the Ural Federal District, especially dry zones, as well as to stabilize the production economy, taking into account the increase in the price level for vegetable oil and oilseeds in 2019–2020. The surplus of oilseeds allows us to expand the volume of exports. However, in order to generate added value and create new jobs, it is necessary to increase the export of vegetable oil processed in the region, rather than raw materials. The practical value of the work lies in the cost-based recommendations for agricultural producers of the Urals Federal district in the zonal extension of the acreage of oilseeds: sunflower in Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions of rape, in the Sverdlovsk and Tyumen, as well as in the Northern parts of the Kurgan, and Chelyabinsk, flax – in Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions.