Economic efficiency of resource use in crop production

Abstract

Abstract. The disparity of prices between the means of production and crop production leads to a decrease in the efficiency of resource use and the overall profitability of production. In order to stabilize the work of agricultural enterprises in such conditions, in addition to the necessary state support, it is important to find internal reserves in crop production. The purpose is to study the state and possibilities of improving the efficiency of resource use in crop production. The objectives of the study were the analysis of data reflecting the options for saving resources when cultivating field crops in the conditions of the Kurgan region. The methods of monographic, mathematical, and statistical analysis of data from literary sources, annual reports of agricultural enterprises of the Kurgan region, and research results of the Kurgan Research Institute were used. Scientific novelty. The work consists in the application of a dynamic method for calculating the economic efficiency of previously tested technologies in various time-varying economic conditions, which makes it possible to more reasonably build long-term plans. It is established that the factors of increasing the efficiency of the use of natural and material resources can be the diversification of acreage by increasing the share of winter, leguminous and oilseed crops and increasing the accuracy of the use of resources using digital methods. The results of the study showed that the diversification of acreage makes it possible to distribute field work more efficiently, save resources and receive higher incomes, and stabilize the financial condition of agricultural enterprises. Parallel driving systems and equipment monitoring allow you to save fuel, fertilizers, seeds, plant protection products. The operation of the equipment with the help of navigation equipment in the dark ensures the execution of technological operations within the regulatory deadlines and thereby allows to increase crop yields by 5–10 %. The additional income from the parallel driving system is on average 2155 rubles/ha. Designing technologies based on electronic maps and field history books allows you to differentiate resources by fields in accordance with soil, agrochemical and agrotechnical conditions.