Hierarchical Genetic Organization of Human Cortical Surface Area

Abstract

Building the Brain Brain connectivity is often described as a network of discrete independent cables analogous to a switchboard, but how is the physical structure of the brain constructed (see the Perspective by Zilles and Amunts )? Wedeen et al. (p. 1628 ) used high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging in humans and four species of nonhuman primates to identify and compare the geometric structure of large fiber tracts in the brain. Fiber tracts followed a highly constrained and regular geometry, which may provide an efficient solution for pathfinding during ontogenetic development. Much of development occurs through elaboration and assembly of semiautonomous building blocks. Chen et al. (p. 1634 ) applied statistical analysis to the form of the human cortex in brain-imaging studies that compared more than 400 di- and mono-zygotic twins. The findings suggest that the structure of the human cortex is defined by genetics.