Conservation and Novelty in the Evolution of Cell Adhesion and Extracellular Matrix Genes

Author:

Hutter Harald1,Vogel Bruce E.2,Plenefisch John D.3,Norris Carolyn R.2,Proenca Rui B.2,Spieth John4,Guo Chaobo2,Mastwal Surjeet2,Zhu Xiaoping2,Scheel † Jochen5,Hedgecock Edward M.2

Affiliation:

1. Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

2. Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

3. Department of Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.

4. The Washington University Genome Sequencing Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.

5. Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstrasse 35, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

Abstract

New proteins and modules have been invented throughout evolution. Gene “birth dates” in Caenorhabditis elegans range from the origins of cellular life through adaptation to a soil habitat. Possibly half are “metazoan” genes, having arisen sometime between the yeast-metazoan and nematode-chordate separations. These include basement membrane and cell adhesion molecules implicated in tissue organization. By contrast, epithelial surfaces facing the environment have specialized components invented within the nematode lineage. Moreover, interstitial matrices were likely elaborated within the vertebrate lineage. A strategy for concerted evolution of new gene families, as well as conservation of adaptive genes, may underlie the differences between heterochromatin and euchromatin.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference87 articles.

1. The C. elegans Sequencing Consortium Science 282 2012 (1998).

2. Comparison of the Complete Protein Sets of Worm and Yeast: Orthology and Divergence

3. . Orthology and paralogy were introduced over 30 years ago as phylogenetic terms to distinguish gene duplication from speciation. Interspecies orthologs were defined as any genes that diverged strictly after the speciation; all other interspecies homologs and vacuously intraspecies homologs are termed paralogs. Purely a cladistic relation orthology says nothing per se about the degree of structural or functional conservation postspeciation. In particular because protein genes and even regions within them diverge at widely different rates orthologs may differ from negligibly to significantly in sequence and modular organization.

4. Neurobiology of the Caenorhabditis elegans Genome

5. The Taxonomy of Developmental Control in Caenorhabditis elegans

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