Secondary metabolites of perilla (<i>Perilla frutescens</i> (L.) Britton) of Far Eastern origin identified by tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

Perilla frutescens is a monotypic genus of annual herbaceous plants of dead nettles. The article presents a simultaneous evaluation of the presence of both phenolic compounds in P. frutescens seed extracts and compounds of other chemical classes. It has been confirmed that the seeds of P. frutescens varieties k-130, k-263, k-326 contain a large number of polyphenolic complexes, which are biologically active compounds. The complete metabolomic composition of perilla seed extracts is presented for the first time. The study utilized a tandem mass spectrometry method involving the use of liquid chromatography in parallel with an ion trap. Using tandem mass spectrometry, the presence of 60 compounds was identified, of which 41 compounds represent the group of polyphenolic compounds, as well as 19 compounds of other chemical groups in perilla extracts. The chemical components were identified by comparing their retention index, mass spectra and MS fragmentation with the home library database based on the data from other spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Also, 29 chemical compounds were found for the first time, including 16 compounds of polyphenolic group and 13 compounds of other chemical groups. Lignans: syringaresinol and medioresinol; coumarins: umbelliferone and 4-hydroxycoumarin; flavones: luteolin 7-O-glucoside, diosmetin C-hexoside, chrysoeriol C-hexoside C-pentoside; flavanols: ampelopsin, astragalin, etc. were identified in perilla seeds for the first time. The data obtained will help intensify future research on the development and production of new drugs, dietary supplements and various functional, specialized and dietary products containing targeted perilla extracts.