Global biogeography of atmospheric microorganisms reflects diverse recruitment and environmental filtering

Author:

Archer Stephen1,Lee Kevin1,Caruso Tancredi2,Leung Marcus3ORCID,Tong Xinzhao3,Salter Susannah J.4,Hinchliffe Graham5,Maki Teruya6,Santl-Temkiv Tina7,Warren-Rhodes Kimberley8,Gomez-Silva Benito9,Hyde Kevin10,Liu Celine11,Alcamí Antonio12ORCID,Al-Mailem Dina13,Araya Jonathan9,Cary Stephen14,Cowan Don15,Dempsey Jessica16,Etchebehere Claudia17,Gantsetseg Batdelger18,Hartery Sean19,Harvey Mike20,Hayakawa Kazuichi21,Hogg Ian22,Inoue Mutsoe21,Kansour Mayada13,Lawrence Tim5,Lee Charles14ORCID,Leopold Matthius23,McKay Christopher8,Nagao Seiya21,Poh Yan Hong11,Ramond Jean-Baptiste24ORCID,Rastrojo Alberto25,Sekiguchi Toshio21,Sim Joo Huang11,Stahm William16,Sun Henry26,Tang Ning21ORCID,Vandenbrink Bryan27,Walther Craig16,Lee Patrick28ORCID,Pointing Stephen Brian29ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Auckland University of Technology

2. University College Dublin

3. City University of Hong Kong

4. University of Cambridge

5. Auckland University of Technology

6. Kindai University

7. Aarhus University

8. NASA Ames Research Center

9. Universidad de Antofagasta

10. Mae Fah Luang University

11. Yale-NUS College

12. Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa

13. Kuwait University

14. University of Waikato

15. University of Pretoria

16. East Asian Observatory

17. Biological Research Institute Clemente Estable

18. Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment

19. University of Canterbury

20. National Institution for Water and Atmosphere

21. Kanazawa University

22. Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada; and School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

23. University of Western Australia

24. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

25. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid

26. Desert Research Institute

27. Canadian High Arctic Research Station

28. City Universiy of Hong Kong

29. National University of Singapore

Abstract

Abstract Atmospheric transport is critical to dispersal of microorganisms between habitats, and this underpins resilience in terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally. A key unresolved question is whether microorganisms assemble to form a taxonomically distinct, geographically variable, and functionally adapted atmospheric microbiota. This question is made more complex by the unique challenges of separating potential contaminants from atmospheric signal, particularly given the ultra-low biomass of air and the long durations of sampling where contamination may occur. Here we adopted a comprehensive data filtering approach to mitigate contamination and characterise inter-continental patterns of microbial taxonomic and functional diversity in air within and above the atmospheric boundary layer and in underlying soils for 596 globally sourced samples. Bacterial and fungal assemblages in air were taxonomically structured and deviated significantly from purely stochastic assembly. Patterns differed with location and reflected climate, underlying surface cover and environmental filtering. Source-tracking indicated a complex recruitment process involving local soils plus globally distributed inputs from drylands and the phyllosphere. Assemblages displayed stress-response and metabolic traits relevant to survival in air, and taxonomic and functional diversity were correlated with macroclimate and atmospheric variables. Our findings highlight complexity in the atmospheric microbiota that is key to understanding regional and global ecosystem connectivity.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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