Molecular and cellular architecture of the larval sensory organ in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis

Author:

Gilbert Eleanor12ORCID,Teeling Callum12ORCID,Lebedeva Tatiana34ORCID,Pedersen Siffreya1ORCID,Chrismas Nathan1,Genikhovich Grigory3ORCID,Modepalli Vengamanaidu1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom

2. School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth 2 , Plymouth, PL4 8AA , UK

3. University of Vienna 3 Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences , , Vienna, 1030 , Austria

4. Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution, University of Vienna 4 , Vienna, 1030 , Austria

Abstract

ABSTRACT Cnidarians are the only non-bilaterian group to evolve ciliated larvae with an apical sensory organ, which is possibly homologous to the apical organs of bilaterian primary larvae. Here, we generated transcriptomes of the apical tissue in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and showed that it has a unique neuronal signature. By integrating previously published larval single-cell data with our apical transcriptomes, we discovered that the apical domain comprises a minimum of six distinct cell types. We show that the apical organ is compartmentalised into apical tuft cells (spot) and larval-specific neurons (ring). Finally, we identify ISX-like (NVE14554), a PRD class homeobox gene specifically expressed in apical tuft cells, as an FGF signalling-dependent transcription factor responsible for the formation of the apical tuft domain via repression of the neural ring fate in apical cells. With this study, we contribute a comparison of the molecular anatomy of apical organs, which must be carried out across phyla to determine whether this crucial larval structure evolved once or multiple times.

Funder

Natural Environment Research Council

Marine Biological Association

Austrian Science Fund

UK Research and Innovation

Publisher

The Company of Biologists

Subject

Developmental Biology,Molecular Biology

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