Abstract
South Korean education policy focuses on preparing students for success in a globally competitive environment. The South Korean school education system consists of elementary school (grades 1-6), middle school (grades 7-9), and high school (grades 10-12). Education is free and compulsory for all elementary and middle school students. The curricular framework lays a strong foundation in core subjects, e.g., the Korean language, mathematics, science, social studies, and English. There is also an emphasis on physical education, art, and character education. Teaching and learning are teacher-centred, focusing on rote memorisation and high expectations for academic performance. Frequent testing and examinations, considered critical for improving learning outcomes, are used for learning assessment. Results of the national exams can significantly affect students' future educational and career opportunities. The education system faces challenges of a high prevalence of private tutoring and concerns about students' well-being due to intense academic pressure.
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