Considering the shortcomings of large evaluation errors, long time, human, and material resources in the evaluation process of the current college teaching mode to improve the accuracy of the evaluation of college teaching mode and reduce the cost of the evaluation, this study proposes an evaluation method for college teaching methods based on deep learning algorithms. Firstly, the research status of the evaluation of college teaching mode is analyzed, and the reasons for the poor evaluation results of the current college teaching mode are found; then the existing deep learning algorithm is improved, and the effectiveness and speed of the method are verified by comparing with other models. Then, the evaluation model of college teaching mode is established, and machine learning is performed on the evaluation data of college teaching mode; finally, the evaluation data of college teaching mode is collected, and the application example test of college teaching mode evaluation is performed.